I checked the health check logs supported by ALB by configuring them with CloudFormation

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: '2010-09-09'
Description: 'ALB Access & Health Check Logs (Separated Prefixes) Test Environment'

Parameters:
  LatestAmiId:
    Type: AWS::SSM::Parameter::Value<AWS::EC2::Image::Id>
    Default: /aws/service/ami-amazon-linux-latest/al2023-ami-kernel-default-arm64

  VpcId:
    Type: AWS::EC2::VPC::Id
    Description: Default VPC ID

  SubnetIds:
    Type: List<AWS::EC2::Subnet::Id>
    Description: At least 2 public subnets in different AZs

Resources:
  # S3 Bucket for Logs
  LogsBucket:
    Type: AWS::S3::Bucket
    Properties:
      BucketName: !Sub 'alb-logs-${AWS::AccountId}-${AWS::Region}'
      OwnershipControls:
        Rules:
          - ObjectOwnership: BucketOwnerEnforced
      PublicAccessBlockConfiguration:
        BlockPublicAcls: true
        BlockPublicPolicy: true
        IgnorePublicAcls: true
        RestrictPublicBuckets: true

  # S3 Bucket Policy
  LogsBucketPolicy:
    Type: AWS::S3::BucketPolicy
    Properties:
      Bucket: !Ref LogsBucket
      PolicyDocument:
        Version: '2012-10-17'
        Statement:
          - Sid: AWSLogDeliveryWrite
            Effect: Allow
            Principal:
              Service: logdelivery.elasticloadbalancing.amazonaws.com
            Action: s3:PutObject
            Resource:
              # アクセスログ用のパス許可
              - !Sub '${LogsBucket.Arn}/access-logs/AWSLogs/${AWS::AccountId}/*'
              # ヘルスチェックログ用のパス許可
              - !Sub '${LogsBucket.Arn}/health-check-logs/AWSLogs/${AWS::AccountId}/*'

  # Security Group for ALB
  ALBSecurityGroup:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup
    Properties:
      GroupDescription: Security group for ALB
      VpcId: !Ref VpcId
      SecurityGroupIngress:
        - IpProtocol: tcp
          FromPort: 80
          ToPort: 80
          CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0

  # Security Group for EC2
  EC2SecurityGroup:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup
    Properties:
      GroupDescription: Security group for EC2 instances
      VpcId: !Ref VpcId
      SecurityGroupIngress:
        - IpProtocol: tcp
          FromPort: 80
          ToPort: 80
          SourceSecurityGroupId: !Ref ALBSecurityGroup

  # IAM Role for EC2
  EC2Role:
    Type: AWS::IAM::Role
    Properties:
      AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
        Version: '2012-10-17'
        Statement:
          - Effect: Allow
            Principal:
              Service: ec2.amazonaws.com
            Action: sts:AssumeRole
      ManagedPolicyArns:
        - arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AmazonSSMManagedInstanceCore

  EC2InstanceProfile:
    Type: AWS::IAM::InstanceProfile
    Properties:
      Roles:
        - !Ref EC2Role

  # EC2 Instance 1 (Healthy)
  EC2Instance1:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Instance
    Properties:
      ImageId: !Ref LatestAmiId
      InstanceType: t4g.nano
      IamInstanceProfile: !Ref EC2InstanceProfile
      NetworkInterfaces:
        - AssociatePublicIpAddress: true
          DeviceIndex: '0'
          GroupSet: 
            - !Ref EC2SecurityGroup
          SubnetId: !Select [0, !Ref SubnetIds]
      UserData:
        Fn::Base64: !Sub |
          #!/bin/bash
          yum update -y
          yum install -y httpd
          systemctl start httpd
          systemctl enable httpd
          echo "<h1>Healthy Instance 1 (ARM)</h1>" > /var/www/html/index.html
      Tags:
        - Key: Name
          Value: ALB-Target-Healthy

  # EC2 Instance 2 (Unhealthy)
  EC2Instance2:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Instance
    Properties:
      ImageId: !Ref LatestAmiId
      InstanceType: t4g.nano
      IamInstanceProfile: !Ref EC2InstanceProfile
      NetworkInterfaces:
        - AssociatePublicIpAddress: true
          DeviceIndex: '0'
          GroupSet: 
            - !Ref EC2SecurityGroup
          SubnetId: !Select [1, !Ref SubnetIds]
      Tags:
        - Key: Name
          Value: ALB-Target-Unhealthy

  # Target Group
  TargetGroup:
    Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::TargetGroup
    Properties:
      Name: alb-logs-test-tg
      Port: 80
      Protocol: HTTP
      VpcId: !Ref VpcId
      HealthCheckEnabled: true
      HealthCheckIntervalSeconds: 30
      HealthCheckPath: /
      HealthCheckProtocol: HTTP
      Targets:
        - Id: !Ref EC2Instance1
        - Id: !Ref EC2Instance2

  # Application Load Balancer
  ApplicationLoadBalancer:
    Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::LoadBalancer
    DependsOn: LogsBucketPolicy
    Properties:
      Name: alb-logs-test
      Type: application
      Scheme: internet-facing
      SecurityGroups:
        - !Ref ALBSecurityGroup
      Subnets: !Ref SubnetIds
      LoadBalancerAttributes:
        # --- Access Logs Settings ---
        - Key: access_logs.s3.enabled
          Value: 'true'
        - Key: access_logs.s3.bucket
          Value: !Ref LogsBucket
        - Key: access_logs.s3.prefix
          Value: 'access-logs'  # フォルダ分け: access-logs/

        # --- Health Check Logs Settings ---
        - Key: health_check_logs.s3.enabled
          Value: 'true'
        - Key: health_check_logs.s3.bucket
          Value: !Ref LogsBucket
        - Key: health_check_logs.s3.prefix
          Value: 'health-check-logs' # フォルダ分け: health-check-logs/

  # Listener
  ALBListener:
    Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::Listener
    Properties:
      LoadBalancerArn: !Ref ApplicationLoadBalancer
      Port: 80
      Protocol: HTTP
      DefaultActions:
        - Type: forward
          TargetGroupArn: !Ref TargetGroup

Outputs:
  ALBDNSName:
    Description: ALB DNS Name
    Value: !GetAtt ApplicationLoadBalancer.DNSName
  S3BucketName:
    Description: S3 Bucket for Logs
    Value: !Ref LogsBucket