Step Functionsのステータス(State)用語についての説明と使い方についてまとめてみました。

2022.07.22

この記事は公開されてから1年以上経過しています。情報が古い可能性がありますので、ご注意ください。

アジェンダ

  1. Amazon States Language とは
  2. 共通 State フィールド
  3. Task
  4. Choice
  5. Wait
  6. Succeed
  7. Fail
  8. Parallel
  9. Map
  10. Pass

1. Amazon States Language 란

ステートマシンを定義するのに使用されるJSONベースの構造化された言語

2. 共通 State フィールド

定義

  • Type(必須)
    • Task, Choice, Wait などのステータスを定義するときに使用する
  • Next
    • 現在のステータスを終了し、次のステータスに移動する
  • End
    • true なら実行処理が終了する
  • Comment
    • 説明を入力できます
  • InputPath
    • Taskに伝達する入力経路
  • OutputPath
    • 出力に伝達する経路

{
  "Comment": "An example of the Amazon States Language using wait states",
  "StartAt": "FirstState",
  "States": {
    "FirstState": {
      "Type": "Pass",
      "Result": "FirstState",
      "Next": "LambdaFunctionState"
    },
    "LambdaFunctionState": {
      "Type": "Task",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:lambda:REGION:ACCOUNT_ID:function:FUNCTION_NAME",
      "End": true
    }
  }
}

3. Task

定義

  • 実行される単一作業単位
  • 直接 Lambda 関数を呼び出して作業
  • 次のフィールドを使用可能
    • Resource(必須)
    • Parameters
    • ResultPath
    • Retry
    • Catch
    • TimeoutSeconds
    • HeartbeatSeconds

{
  "Comment": "An example of the Amazon States Language using a Task state.",
  "StartAt": "TaskState",
  "States": {
    "TaskState": {
      "Type": "Task",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:lambda:REGION:ACCOUNT_ID:function:FUNCTION_NAME",
      "End": true
    }
  }
}

4. Choice

定義

  • 分岐処理が可能で、And や Or などの比較演算子が利用可能
  • 次のフィールドを使用可能
    • Choices (必須)
    • Default

{
  "Comment": "An example of the Amazon States Language using a choice state.",
  "StartAt": "ChoiceState",
  "States": {
    "ChoiceState": {
      "Type" : "Choice",
      "Choices": [
        {
          "Variable": "$.foo",
          "NumericEquals": 1,
          "Next": "FirstMatchState"
        },
        {
          "Variable": "$.foo",
          "NumericEquals": 2,
          "Next": "SecondMatchState"
        }
      ],
      "Default": "DefaultState"
    },

    "FirstMatchState": {
      "Type" : "Task",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:lambda:REGION:ACCOUNT_ID:function:OnFirstMatch",
      "Next": "ReultState"
    },

    "SecondMatchState": {
      "Type" : "Task",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:lambda:REGION:ACCOUNT_ID:function:OnSecondMatch",
      "Next": "ReultState"
    },

    "DefaultState": {
      "Type" : "Task",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:lambda:REGION:ACCOUNT_ID:function:OnSecondMatch",
      "Next": "ReultState"
    },

    "ReultState": {
      "Type": "Task",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:lambda:REGION:ACCOUNT_ID:function:FUNCTION_NAME",
      "End": true
    }
  }
}

5. Wait

定義

  • 続行を指定された時間遅延させる
  • 相対時間 (状態が開始してからの秒数で指定) と絶対時間 (タイムスタンプで指定) のいずれかを選択可能
  • 次のフィールドを使用可能で、どちらかを指定すべき
    • Seconds
    • Timestamp
    • SecondsPath
    • TimestampPath

{
  "Comment": "An example of the Amazon States Language using wait states",
  "StartAt": "wait_seconds",
  "States": {
    "wait_seconds": {
      "Type": "Wait",
      "Seconds": 10,
      "Next": "wait_timestamp"
    },
    "wait_timestamp": {
      "Type": "Wait",
      "Timestamp": "2015-09-04T01:59:00Z",
      "Next": "wait_timestamp_path"
    },
    "wait_timestamp_path": {
      "Type": "Wait",
      "TimestampPath": "$.expirydate",
      "Next": "wait_seconds_path"
    },
    "wait_seconds_path": {
      "Type": "Wait",
      "SecondsPath": "$.expiryseconds",
      "End": true
    }
  }
}

6. Succeed

定義

  • 実行を正常に中止
  • 処理が終了した状態になるため、 End フィールドや Next フィールドは必要ない

{
    "Comment": "An example of the Amazon States Language using Succeed states",
    "StartAt": "Process1",
    "States": {
        "Process1": {
            "Type": "Task",
            "Resource": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:XXXXXXXXXXXX:function:Process1",
            "Next": "ChoiceStep"
        },
        "ChoiceStep": {
            "Type": "Choice",
            "Choices": [{
                "Variable": "$.processResult",
                "StringEquals": "SuccessProcess",
                "Next": "SuccessProcess"
            }, {
                "Variable": "$.processResult",
                "StringEquals": "Process2",
                "Next": "Process2"
            }]
        },
        "SuccessProcess": {
            "Type": "Succeed"
        },
        "Process2": {
            "Type": "Task",
            "Resource": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:XXXXXXXXXXXX:function:Process2",
            "Catch": [{
              "ErrorEquals": [
                "HandledError"
              ],
              "Next": "FailedProcess"
            }],
            "Next": "Process3"
        },
        "FailedProcess": {
            "Type": "Fail"      
        },
        "Process3": {
            "Type": "Task",
            "Resource": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:XXXXXXXXXXXX:function:Process3",
            "End": true
        }
    }
}

7. Fail

定義

  • エラーにより実行を中止
  • エラーにより処理が終了した状態になるため、 End フィールドや Next フィールドは必要ない
  • 次のフィールドを使用可能
    • Cause
    • Error

{
    "Comment": "An example of the Amazon States Language using Succeed states",
    "StartAt": "Process1",
    "States": {
        "Process1": {
            "Type": "Task",
            "Resource": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:XXXXXXXXXXXX:function:Process1",
            "Next": "ChoiceStep"
        },
        "ChoiceStep": {
            "Type": "Choice",
            "Choices": [{
                "Variable": "$.processResult",
                "StringEquals": "SuccessProcess",
                "Next": "SuccessProcess"
            }, {
                "Variable": "$.processResult",
                "StringEquals": "Process2",
                "Next": "Process2"
            }]
        },
        "SuccessProcess": {
            "Type": "Succeed"
        },
        "Process2": {
            "Type": "Task",
            "Resource": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:XXXXXXXXXXXX:function:Process2",
            "Catch": [{
              "ErrorEquals": [
                "HandledError"
              ],
              "Next": "FailedProcess"
            }],
            "Next": "Process3"
        },
        "FailedProcess": {
            "Type": "Fail"      
        },
        "Process3": {
            "Type": "Task",
            "Resource": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:XXXXXXXXXXXX:function:Process3",
            "End": true
        }
    }
}

8. Parallel

定義

  • 並列処理が可能
  • 次のフィールドを使用可能
    • Branches (必須)
    • ResultPath
    • Retry
    • Catch

{
  "Comment": "An example of the Amazon States Language using a parallel state to execute two branches at the same time.",
  "StartAt": "Parallel",
  "States": {
    "Parallel": {
      "Type": "Parallel",
      "Next": "Final State",
      "Branches": [
        {
          "StartAt": "Wait 10s",
          "States": {
            "Wait 10s": {
              "Type": "Wait",
              "Seconds": 10,
              "End": true
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "StartAt": "Pass State",
          "States": {
            "Pass State": {
              "Type": "Pass",
              "Next": "Wait 5s"
            },
            "Wait 5s": {
              "Type": "Wait",
              "Seconds": 5,
              "End": true
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    "Final State": {
      "Type": "Pass",
      "End": true
    }
  }
}

9. Map

定義

  • 動的並列処理が可能
  • 入力配列の各要素に対して同じ段階で実行可能
  • 次のフィールドを使用可能
    • Iterator (必須)
    • ItemsPath
    • MaxConcurrency
    • ResultPath
    • Retry
    • Catch

{
    "Comment": "An example of the Amazon States Language using Map states",
    "StartAt": "MapState",
    "States": {
      "MapState": {
        "Type": "Map",
        "End": true,
        "Iterator": {
          "StartAt": "Customer",
          "States": {
            "Customer": {
              "Type": "Parallel",
              "End": true,
              "Branches": [
                {
                  "StartAt": "CustomerA",
                  "States": {
                    "CustomerA": {
                      "Type": "Task",
                      "Resource": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:XXXXXXXXXXXX:function:CustomerA",
                      "End": true
                    }
                  }
                },
                {
                  "StartAt": "CustomerB",
                  "States": {
                    "CustomerB": {
                      "Type": "Task",
                      "Resource": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:XXXXXXXXXXXX:function:CustomerB",
                      "End": true
                    }
                  }
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

10. Pass

定義

  • ワークフローを構築、デバッグする際に使用
  • 入力を処理せずに出力に伝達
  • 次のフィールドを使用可能
    • Result
    • ResultPath
    • Parameters

{
  "Comment": "An example of the Amazon States Language using a pass state.",
  "StartAt": "ChoiceState",
  "States": {
    "ChoiceState": {
      "Type" : "Choice",
      "Choices": [
        {
          "Variable": "$.foo",
          "NumericEquals": 1,
          "Next": "TaskState"
        },
        {
          "Variable": "$.foo",
          "NumericEquals": 2,
          "Next": "PassState"
        }
      ]
    },
    "TaskState": {
      "Type" : "Task",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:lambda:REGION:ACCOUNT_ID:function:FUNCTION_NAME",
      "Next": "ReultState"
    },
    "PassState": {
      "Type" : "Pass",
      "Result": "just pass",
      "Next": "ReultState"
    },
    "ReultState": {
      "Type": "Task",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:lambda:REGION:ACCOUNT_ID:function:FUNCTION_NAME",
      "End": true
    }
  }
}